منتدى لغة الروح - قوانين الغازات The Gas Laws

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Boyle's Law قانون بويل
Boyle’s Law describes the inverse proportional relationship between pressure and volume at a constant temperature and a fixed amount of gas. This law came from a manipulation of the Ideal Gas Law.

P∝1V
P∝1V
or expressed from two pressure/volume points:

P1V1=P2V2
P1V1=P2V2
This equation would be ideal when working with problem asking for the initial or final value of pressure or volume of a certain gas when one of the two factor is missing.
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Charles's Law قانون شارل
Charles's Law describes the directly proportional relationship between the volume and temperature (in Kelvin) of a fixed amount of gas, when the pressure is held constant.

V∝T
V∝T
or express from two volume/temperature points:

V1T1=V2T2
V1T1=V2T2
This equation can be used to solve for initial or final value of volume or temperature under the given condition that pressure and the number of mole of the gas stay the same.
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Avogadro's Law قانون افوغادروا
Volume of a gas is directly proportional to the amount of gas at a constant temperature and pressure.

V∝n
V∝n
or expressed as a two volume/number points:

V1n1=V2n2
V1n1=V2n2
Avogadro's Law can apply well to problems using Standard Temperature and Pressure (see below), because of a set amount of pressure and temperature.

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Amontons's Law قانون امونتون
Given a constant number of mole of a gas and an unchanged volume, pressure is directly proportional to temperature.

P∝T
P∝T
or expressed as two pressure/temperature points:

P1T1=P2T2
P1T1=P2T2
Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Avogradro's Law and Amontons's Law are given under certain conditions so directly combining them will not work. Through advanced mathematics (provided in outside link if you are interested), the properties of the three simple gas laws will give you the Ideal Gas Equation.

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
Standard condition of temperature and pressure is known as STP. Two things you should know about this is listed below.
The universal value of STP is 1 atm (pressure) and 0o C. Note that this form specifically stated 0o C degree, not 273 Kelvin, even thought you will have to convert into Kelvin when plugging this value into the Ideal Gas equation or any of the simple gas equations.

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The Gas Constant (R ثابت الغازات
Here comes the tricky part when it comes to the gas constant, R. Value of R WILL change when dealing with different unit of pressure and volume (Temperature factor is overlooked because temperature will always be in Kelvin instead of Celsius when using the Ideal Gas equation). Only through appropriate value of R will you get the correct answer of the problem. It is simply a constant, and the different values of R correlates accordingly with the units given. When choosing a value of R, choose the one with the appropriate units of the given information (sometimes given units must be
converted accordingly). Here are some commonly used values of R:

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